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Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is significant primarily as a hormonal agent that has been linked to various abnormalities, particularly in individuals exposed to it in utero. It is a synthetic estrogen that was prescribed to pregnant women from the 1940s until the early 1970s to prevent pregnancy complications. However, research later revealed that exposure to DES can lead to a range of health issues, including reproductive tract abnormalities, increased risk of certain cancers, and other developmental issues in the offspring, particularly daughters.

The recognition of these significant health risks led to a reevaluation of its safety, resulting in a shift in medical guidelines regarding its use. This historical context highlights the importance of understanding the implications of medications and hormonal agents in reproductive health. While safety concerns ultimately led to the discontinuation of its use during pregnancy, the broader implications of its effects underscore the need for caution in prescribing hormonal treatments.